~30% of the paper
Medical-surgical nursing
- Acute coronary syndrome: chest-pain triage order, troponin timing, nitrate contraindications with PDE-5 inhibitors
- Heart failure: daily weights as the first sign of fluid overload, ACE inhibitor cough, digoxin toxicity signs
- COPD vs asthma: target SpO2 88–92% in CO2 retainers, never withhold oxygen in acute hypoxia
- Chronic kidney disease: hyperkalaemia ECG changes, phosphate binders given with meals
- Diabetes emergencies: DKA fluids before insulin, hypoglycaemia 15/15 rule